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I Intangiriro Kubimenyetso Byibimenyetso bya mobile mu nyubako-Zamuka

1.1 Ingaruka zo Kwakira nabi mobile

Mubihe bigezweho, aho itumanaho ari ingenzi mubikorwa byubucuruzi, inyubako zo mu biro ndende zahindutse ikigo cyibikorwa byingenzi. Nyamara, izi nzego akenshi zihura nikibazo gikomeye: kwakira nabi mobile. Iki kibazo gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa bya buri munsi, kuko bibangamira itumanaho no guhanahana amakuru, ari ngombwa mu gukomeza umusaruro no gukora neza.

Intege nke za terefone zigendanwa zirashobora gutuma uhamagarwa, umuvuduko wa interineti gahoro, no kohereza amakuru atizewe. Ibi bibazo birashobora gutera gucika intege mubakozi kandi bikagira ingaruka mbi kubikorwa byabo. Byongeye kandi, ibimenyetso bidahwitse bishobora kwangiza umubano wubucuruzi nabakiriya cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa bishingikiriza kumiyoboro y'itumanaho yizewe.

Byongeye kandi, umutekano ushobora no kuba mu kaga. Kurugero, mugihe cyihutirwa, niba abayirimo badashobora guhamagara terefone kubera imbaraga nke zerekana ibimenyetso, birashobora gutinza itumanaho ryihutirwa hamwe nubutabazi bwihuse, bishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye. Kubwibyo, gukemura intege nke za signal zigendanwa ntabwo ari ukunoza imikorere ya buri munsi gusa ahubwo no kurinda umutekano mumazu maremare y'ibiro.

1.2 Gukenera ibisubizo bifatika

Urebye ingaruka zikomeye zo kwakirwa na terefone igendanwa kubikorwa byo hejuru byo kubaka ibiro, haribikenewe ko byakemuka neza. Ibi bisubizo bigomba kuba bigamije kongera imbaraga za signal zigendanwa no gukwirakwiza mu nyubako zose, kureba ko ahantu hose - kuva aho imodoka zihagarara hasi kugeza mucyumba cy'inama cyo hejuru - zifite umurongo wizewe.

Ariko, guteza imbere ibisubizo nkibi bisaba gusobanukirwa byimbitse kubintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mukwerekana ibimenyetso mubyubaka. Izi ngingo zirashobora kuva mubikoresho byakoreshejwe mubwubatsi kugeza igishushanyo mbonera ubwacyo. Byongeye kandi, ibintu byo hanze nkinyubako zikikije cyangwa imiterere yubutaka nabyo bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo ibimenyetso byinjira mumazu maremare.

Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke neza, birakenewe inzira yuzuye. Ibi birimo gukora iperereza ryubuhanga bugezweho bwo kongera ibimenyetso bya terefone igendanwa, gushakisha uburyo bushya bushobora kwinjizwa mubishushanyo mbonera byubaka, gukora isesengura-by-inyungu kugirango harebwe niba ubukungu bwashoboka, no gusuzuma ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isi kugira ngo bwumve ingamba zifatika.

Mugukoresha uburyo bwuzuye, birashoboka gushyiraho ingamba zidatezimbere gusa imbaraga za signal zigendanwa ahubwo zininjiza muburyo budasanzwe mumyubakire yububiko bwamazu maremare. Byongeye kandi, mugushakisha ibisubizo bidahenze, turashobora kwemeza ko ibyo byongeweho bigera ku nyubako nini, bityo bigatuma iterambere ryiyongera mubushobozi bwo kwakira telefone.

Ubwanyuma, gukemura intege nke za signal zigendanwa mumazu maremare y'ibiro ni ngombwa mugukomeza imikorere myiza yubucuruzi mugihe cya digitale, kuzamura umunezero mukazi, guteza imbere itumanaho ryiza, no kubungabunga umutekano. Nkibyo, gushora mubisubizo bifatika ntabwo bikenewe mubuhanga gusa ahubwo nibyingenzi byingenzi kugirango intsinzi yibikorwa bigezweho bibarizwa muri izo nyubako ndende.

II Gusobanukirwa Ibibazo Byinjira Byibimenyetso Byinjira

2.1 Ibintu bigira ingaruka kubimenyetso byinjira

Ibimenyetso bya terefone byinjira mu nyubako ndende ni ikibazo kitoroshye cyatewe nimpamvu zitandukanye. Kimwe mubintu byibanze ni umurongo wumurongo ukoreshwa numuyoboro wa mobile. Imirongo yo hasi irashobora kwinjirira mubikoresho byubaka neza kuruta imirongo myinshi yumurongo, akenshi iba yinjiye cyangwa igaragara. Nyamara, imirongo yo hasi ifite umurongo mugari, biganisha kubushobozi bwurusobe. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi ni intera iri hafi yumunara wa selire. Iyo kure yinyubako iherereye, ibimenyetso byakiriwe neza bizaterwa no gutakaza inzira nimbogamizi zishobora kuba nkizindi nyubako cyangwa ibiranga terrain.

Imiterere yimbere yinyubako irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubimenyetso byinjira. Kurugero, inkuta zibyibushye, ibyuma bikozwe mubyuma, hamwe na beto ishimangiwe byose birashobora guca intege cyane ibimenyetso byikimenyetso. Byongeye kandi, kuba hari ibiti bya lift, ingazi, nubundi busa buhagaze birashobora gukora "igicucu cyerekana ibimenyetso," ahantu imbere yinyubako aho ibimenyetso bitinjira neza. Izi mbogamizi ziyongereyeho no gukoresha ibikoresho byububiko bugezweho nubushushanyo bushyira imbere ingufu zingufu ariko zishobora kubangamira ikwirakwizwa ryikimenyetso simusiga.

2.2 Ibikoresho byubwubatsi nigishushanyo mbonera

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubwubatsi bugezweho bigira uruhare runini muguhuza ibimenyetso bya mobile. Kurugero, ikirahuri, gikunze gukoreshwa murukuta rwumwenda no mumaso, birashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso aho kubemerera kunyuramo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibyuma bishimangira ibyuma birashobora guhagarika ibimenyetso, hamwe n'ubucucike n'ubunini bw'ibikoresho bigena urwego rwo kwiyongera. Ibikoresho bivanze nkibikoreshwa mugukingira kijyambere birashobora kandi gukurura cyangwa gusasa ibimenyetso, bikagabanya imbaraga imbere yinyubako.

Guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera, nkicyerekezo cya etage hamwe nimiterere yimbere yimbere, birashobora gukaza cyangwa kugabanya ibyo bibazo. Kurugero, igishushanyo kirimo ibice byinshi byibikoresho cyangwa bigakora ahantu hanini hafunguye hatabayeho ibimenyetso bihagije bishobora kuganisha kuri zone zapfuye. Kurundi ruhande, ibishushanyo birimo ibyuho byashyizwe mubikorwa cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bisobanutse neza kumiraba ya radio birashobora gufasha kunoza ibimenyetso byinjira.

2.3 Ingaruka Zibidukikije

Ibidukikije bidukikije nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumbaraga za signal zigendanwa mumazu maremare. Ibidukikije byo mumijyi, aho izi nyubako zikunze kuba, birashobora kubabazwa nibizwi nkingaruka za "urban canyon". Ibi bivuga ibihe inyubako ndende zizengurutswe nizindi nyubako ndende zikora koridoro ifunganye ikwirakwiza ikwirakwizwa ryimiterere ya radiyo. Igisubizo ni ugukwirakwiza kutaringaniza imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso, hamwe nibice bimwe na bimwe bigira uruhare runini rwinshi hamwe nabandi bafite ikibazo cyo kubura ibimenyetso.

Byongeye kandi, inzitizi karemano nkimisozi cyangwa imibiri yamazi zirashobora kwerekana, kuvunika, cyangwa gukuramo ibimenyetso, guhindura inzira zabo kandi bishobora gutera intambamyi. Imiterere yakozwe n'abantu nk'ikiraro na tunel birashobora kandi guhindura ibimenyetso byo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso, bigakora ahantu h'igicucu aho ibimenyetso bidashobora kugera.

Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa imbogamizi zerekana ibimenyetso byinjira mu nyubako ndende zo mu biro bisaba gusesengura byimazeyo ibintu byinshi. Uhereye kubiranga imiterere ya radiyo ikwirakwizwa hamwe nimiterere yibikoresho byubwubatsi kugeza igishushanyo mbonera cyinyubako ubwazo hamwe n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije bikikije imijyi, ibyo bintu byose bigambanira kumenya ubwiza bwimbaraga za signal zigendanwa mu nyubako ndende. Gukemura ibyo bibazo neza bizaba ngombwa mugutezimbere ubushobozi bwitumanaho muriyi miterere.

III Isubiramo ryubuhanga bugezweho bwo kuzamura ibimenyetso

3.1 Incamake yerekana ibimenyetso byongera ibimenyetso

Kongera ibimenyetso, cyangwa kubisubiramo, biri mubisubizo bisanzwe kandi byibanze kugirango uzamure ibimenyetso bigendanwa mumazu maremare y'ibiro. Ibi bikoresho bikora mukwakira ibimenyetso bidakomeye biva hanze, kubongerera imbaraga, hanyuma bigasubiramo ibimenyetso byongerewe imbere mumazu. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwibimenyetso byongera ibimenyetso: pasiporo kandi ikora. Amplificateur ya pasiporo ntisaba imbaraga zo gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho nkinsinga ziyobora cyangwa imiyoboro yohereza ibimenyetso. Kongera imbaraga zikora, kurundi ruhande, koresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango uzamure imbaraga zibimenyetso. Mugihe ibyuma byongera ibimenyetso bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mubihe bimwe na bimwe, bizana imbogamizi nkibishobora kwivanga no gutesha agaciro ibimenyetso niba bidashyizweho neza kandi neza.

Kubijyanye no kwishyiriraho, ibyuma byongera ibimenyetso bigomba gushyirwaho muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ahantu hatakiriwe neza, akenshi bisaba ubushakashatsi bwimbuga kugirango hamenyekane uturere twapfuye kandi tumenye neza ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ibyo byongerera imbaraga bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byanduye niba bidashyizweho neza, ni ngombwa gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye kugirango wirinde kwivanga muyindi miyoboro.

3.2 Ikwirakwizwa rya Antenna Sisitemu (DAS)

Uburyo buhanitse kuruta ibimenyetso byongera ibimenyetso gakondo ni antenne ya sisitemu (DAS). Sisitemu ikubiyemo antenne nyinshi ikwirakwizwa mu nyubako ikora ifatanije na amplifier nyamukuru. DAS ikora mugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byongerewe neza inyubako ikoresheje antenne zashyizwe mubikorwa. Inyungu imwe yingenzi ya DAS nubushobozi bwo gutanga ubwishingizi bumwe, bushobora gufasha kurandura ahantu hapfuye hashobora kubaho hamwe na gahunda zidateganijwe.

Sisitemu ya DAS irashobora kuba ikora cyangwa igahinduka. Sisitemu ikora ya DAS ikoresha ibyongerera imbaraga kugirango izamure ibimenyetso ahantu hatandukanye murusobe, mugihe sisitemu ya pasiporo idafite umurongo wo kwongerera umurongo kandi ishingiye kumbaraga zumwimerere kugirango zitangwe binyuze murusobe neza. Iboneza byombi bisaba gushushanya neza no gukora neza kugirango tumenye ibisubizo byiza.

Kwishyiriraho DAS biragoye kandi mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gukorana na gahunda yubwubatsi kugirango uhuze ibyuma bikenewe mugihe cyo kubaka cyangwa kuvugurura ibyari bihari. Bitewe ningorabahizi, ibigo byihariye bitanga serivisi ya DAS yo gushushanya no kuyishyira mubikorwa. Ariko, iyo bimaze gushingwa, sisitemu zitanga ibimenyetso byizewe kandi bikomeye byongera ibimenyetso, bitanga amakuru ahoraho kubakoresha mu nyubako.

3.3 Gukoresha Utugari duto

Utugingo duto ni ikindi gisubizo kigenda gikundwa kubushobozi bwabo bwo kwagura imiyoboro murugo. Izi ngingo zidafite aho zihurira zagenewe gukora mu buryo bumwe n’imiyoboro ya macrocellular ariko ku musaruro w’amashanyarazi make, bigatuma biba byiza mu gukemura ibibazo by’ibimenyetso mu bucucike, bwubatswe nko mu nyubako ndende. Utugingo ngengabuzima duto dushobora gushyirwaho mubushishozi mubibanza, bikabemerera guhuza bidasubirwaho mumitako iriho bidateye impungenge zuburanga.

Bitandukanye n’ibimenyetso byongera ibimenyetso byerekana gusa ibimenyetso bihari, selile ntoya ihuza neza na serivise yibanze ya serivise kandi ikora nka sitasiyo ntoya. Birashobora guhuzwa binyuze mumurongo mugari cyangwa gukoresha imiyoboro idasubirwaho. Mugukora utyo, selile nto ntizitezimbere gusa ibimenyetso ahubwo inanagabanya urujya n'uruza muri macrocells zuzuye, biganisha kumikorere y'urusobe n'umuvuduko wamakuru.

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya tekinoroji ntoya mu nyubako ndende yo mu biro irashobora kuba ikubiyemo guhuza picocell yo mu nzu, microcells, na femtocells - buri kimwe gitandukanye mubunini, ubushobozi, hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa. Mugihe bakeneye igenamigambi ryitondewe ryerekeranye no kohereza no gucunga imiyoboro kugirango birinde ubucucike cyangwa ibibazo bivangavanga inshuro nyinshi, gukoresha selile nto byagaragaye ko ari igikoresho cyingirakamaro mukurwanya intege nke zerekana ibimenyetso mubidukikije bizamuka.

IV Uburyo bushya bwo guhanga ibimenyetso

4.1 Kwinjiza ibikoresho byubwenge

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ibimenyetso bitagendanwa mu nyubako ndende zo mu biro, igisubizo kimwe gishya ni uguhuza ibikoresho byubwenge. Ibi bintu byateye imbere birashobora kongera ibimenyetso byinjira no gukwirakwiza bitarinze kwivanga cyangwa guhungabanya imiyoboro idafite insinga. Kimwe mu bikoresho byubwenge ni metamaterial, ikozwe mugukoresha amashanyarazi ya electronique muburyo bwifuzwa. Mugushira ibyo bikoresho mubice byubaka cyangwa mumadirishya, birashoboka kwerekeza ibimenyetso mubice bitakiriwe neza, gutsinda inzitizi gakondo ziterwa nubwubatsi. Byongeye kandi, impuzu ziyobora zirashobora gukoreshwa kurukuta rwinyuma kugirango tunonosore ibimenyetso, byemeza ko itumanaho rya terefone ridashingiye gusa kubikorwa remezo byimbere. Ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byubwenge birashobora kurushaho kunozwa hifashishijwe ingamba zifatika zo gushyira mu bikorwa ibimenyetso byerekana ikarita yuzuye.

4.2 Igishushanyo mbonera cyubatswe neza

Uburyo bufatika bwo gukemura ikibazo cyintege nke zerekana ibimenyetso bikubiyemo kwinjiza ibitekerezo byongera ibimenyetso mugice cyambere cyo gushushanya inyubako ndende. Ibi bisaba ubufatanye hagati yububatsi ninzobere mu itumanaho kugirango habeho icyitwa 'ibimenyetso-byerekana' imyubakire. Ibishushanyo nk'ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo gushyira ingamba za Windows hamwe nubuso bugaragara kugirango hagabanuke ibimenyetso bisanzwe, kimwe no gushiraho icyuho cyangwa ibice bisobanutse muburyo bwubaka kugirango byorohereze ibimenyetso. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yimyanya yimbere igomba kuzirikana ibimenyetso bishobora kuba byapfuye kandi igashyira mubikorwa ibisubizo nkibishushanyo mbonera byashyizwe hejuru cyangwa byashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango bishoboke guhuza inyubako. Ubu buryo bwuzuye butuma ibyifuzo byitumanaho bigendanwa byinjizwa muri ADN yinyubako aho kubitekerezaho.

4.3

Gukoresha imiyoboro ya interineti igezweho igira uruhare runini mu kuzamura imbaraga za signal zigendanwa mu nyubako ndende. Gushyira mubikorwa ibisekuruza bizaza byitumanaho nka 5G nibirenga birashobora kuzamura cyane umuvuduko nubwizerwe bwibihuza muribi bidukikije bigoye. Kurugero, tekinoroji ntoya, iri hagati yimiyoboro ya 5G, itanga uburyo bwo kohereza antenne nyinshi zifite ingufu nkeya mu nyubako zose, zitanga umwenda wurusobe rwinshi rutanga imbaraga zihoraho zerekana ibimenyetso ndetse no mubice aho iminara minini ya selile irwanira gucengera. Byongeye kandi, gukwirakwiza urusobe binyuze mu gukoresha imiyoboro ishingiye kuri radiyo (C-RAN) irashobora guhindura uburyo bwo kugabura umutungo mu buryo bwihuse, ihindura uburyo nyabwo bwo gutanga serivisi nziza kubakoresha mu nyubako ndende y'ibiro byo hejuru. Iyemezwa rya protocole igezweho bisaba kuzamura ibikorwa byombi hamwe na sisitemu ya software, bigatanga inzira y'ejo hazaza aho itumanaho rigendanwa rirenga imipaka yashyizweho n’imyubakire y’imijyi.

5 Igiciro-Inyungu Isesengura ryibisubizo byatanzwe

5.1 Isuzuma rishoboka ry'ubukungu

Ku bijyanye no gukemura ikibazo cyimbaraga nke zerekana ibimenyetso bigendanwa mumazu maremare y'ibiro, ni ngombwa gusuzuma niba ubukungu bwashoboka ibisubizo byatanzwe. Ibi bikubiyemo gusuzuma byimazeyo ikiguzi kijyanye no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo kuzamura ibimenyetso, ndetse no gusuzuma inyungu zishobora kuboneka mubijyanye no kunoza itumanaho no gukora neza. Kugirango tubigereho, turashobora gukoresha isesengura-inyungu-yisesengura (CBA) igereranya agaciro kifaranga ryikiguzi ninyungu za buri gisubizo mugihe runaka, mubisanzwe ubuzima bwikoranabuhanga buvugwa.

CBA igomba gutangirana no gusuzuma ibiciro bitaziguye, birimo ishoramari ryambere risabwa kugura no gushiraho ikoranabuhanga ryatoranijwe, nka amplificateur signal, sisitemu ya antenne (DAS), cyangwa selile nto. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibiciro byimbere gusa ahubwo hanakoreshwa amafaranga yinyongera ashobora kuvuka mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, nko guhindura imyubakire kugirango yakire ibyuma bishya cyangwa hakenewe abashoramari kabuhariwe kugirango bakore installation. Ibiciro bitaziguye, nkibishobora guhungabanya ibikorwa bya buri munsi mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, nabyo bigomba kwitabwaho.

Kurundi ruhande rwikigereranyo haryamye inyungu, zishobora kugaragara muburyo butandukanye. Kunoza kwakirwa rya terefone birashobora gutuma umusaruro wiyongera cyane mugutumanaho neza no kugabanya igihe. Kurugero, abakozi mubiro byo hejuru barashobora guhura nimbogamizi nke cyangwa gutinda kubera guhamagarwa kwabo cyangwa kutagira ibimenyetso byiza. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso zishobora kuzamura igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru, kikaba ari ingirakamaro cyane kubucuruzi bushingiye ku gihe nyacyo cyo gutunganya amakuru, serivisi zicu, cyangwa ibikoresho bya kure byubufatanye. Ubwiyongere bwibikorwa bikora burashobora guhindura inyungu zifatika zubukungu, nko kugabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe mugukemura ibibazo byitumanaho no kongera amafaranga ava mubikorwa byihuse byubucuruzi.

Kugirango tumenye neza mu isuzuma ry’ubukungu bushoboka, tugomba kandi kubara agaciro kerekana inyungu zizaza hamwe nigiciro dukoresheje uburyo bwo kugabanya. Ubu buryo buteganya ko ingaruka zigihe gito nigihe kirekire zapimwe muburyo bukwiye mu isesengura. Byongeye kandi, isesengura rya sensitivite rigomba gukorwa kugirango harebwe uburyo ibitekerezo bitandukanye bijyanye nigiciro ninyungu bigira ingaruka kumyanzuro rusange yavuye muri CBA.

5.2 Ibiciro byo Kwishyiriraho no Kubitekerezaho

Ikintu cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma ubukungu bushoboka ni ugusuzuma amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho no gutekereza kubitekerezo. Izi ngingo zirashobora guhindura cyane ikiguzi-cyiza cyibisubizo byatanzwe. Amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho ntabwo akubiyemo igiciro cyibikoresho gusa ahubwo anakenera guhindura inyubako zose hamwe nigiciro cyakazi kijyanye no kohereza.

Kurugero, kwishyiriraho antenne yagabanijwe (DAS) birashobora gusaba ihinduka rikomeye ryinyubako, harimo gushiraho imiyoboro mishya no guhuza antene mububiko busanzwe. Iyi nzira irashobora kuba igoye kandi ikora cyane, birashoboka ko iganisha kumafaranga menshi yo kwishyiriraho. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mugihe utugingo ngengabuzima duto dutanga igisubizo cyibanze, na bo barashobora gukenera guhindura inyubako no gushyira neza kugirango birinde ibimenyetso.

Ibiciro byo gufata neza nabyo ni ngombwa kubitekerezaho, kuko ibyo bishobora kwiyongera mugihe kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumafaranga yose ajyanye nigisubizo runaka. Kubungabunga buri gihe no kuzamura rimwe na rimwe kugirango ugendane niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rirashobora kongera umutwaro rusange wamafaranga. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibiciro byambere byo kwishyiriraho ariko nanone ibiciro byateganijwe byubuzima, harimo kugenzura bisanzwe, gusana, kuvugurura software, no gusimbuza ibyuma.

5.3 Inyungu zunguka ninyungu kubushoramari

Bitandukanye n’ibiciro byavuzwe haruguru, inyungu zagezweho zagezweho binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kongera ibimenyetso bya terefone igendanwa byerekana inyungu zishobora kugira uruhare mu nyungu z’ishoramari (ROI). Mugutezimbere ibimenyetso byerekana mumazu maremare y'ibiro, amashyirahamwe arashobora kwitegereza kubona iterambere mubikorwa byimbere ndetse na serivisi zabakiriya.

Kongera umusaruro biva muburyo bwiza bwitumanaho birashobora gutuma kugabanuka kumasaha no kwitabira neza. Ibi birashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane kubucuruzi bukorera mu nganda zihuta aho ibisubizo byihuse kubibazo cyangwa ibikorwa ari ngombwa. Byongeye kandi, hamwe na terefone igendanwa yizewe, abakozi barashobora gukorana neza, baba bakorera kurubuga cyangwa kure. Iterambere nk'iryo rirashobora kunezeza abakozi no kugumana, bikarushaho kugira uruhare mumurongo wanyuma wumuryango.

Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amakuru neza birashobora gufungura amahirwe kubucuruzi bwo gushakisha amasoko mashya cyangwa serivisi, bityo bikabyara andi mafaranga yinjira. Kurugero, ibigo bishingiye kubisesengura ryigihe-nyacyo kugirango bamenyeshe ibyemezo byubucuruzi bishobora kugira inyungu zo guhatanira kwemeza ko amakuru yabo akomeza kuboneka igihe cyose, hatitawe ku rwego rwo hasi cyangwa imiterere yinyubako.

Mu kubara ROI kuri buri gisubizo cyatanzwe, birakenewe kugereranya inyungu ziteganijwe kugereranywa nibiciro byavuzwe mbere. Iri gereranya ryerekana igisubizo gitanga impanuro nziza hagati yishoramari ninyungu. ROI irashobora kugereranywa ukoresheje formula ikurikira:

ROI = (Inyungu Neza - Igiciro cyishoramari) / Igiciro cyishoramari

Mugushyiramo amakuru ajyanye na buri gisubizo cyatanzwe, turashobora kumenya ingamba zishobora gutanga ROI ihanitse, itanga ishingiro ryukuri ryo gufata ibyemezo.

Mu gusoza, gukora isesengura ryuzuye-ryunguka ryibisubizo byatanzwe kugirango hazamurwe ibimenyetso bya terefone igendanwa mu nyubako ndende y'ibiro ni ngombwa kugira ngo ingamba zatoranijwe zishoboka mu bukungu. Mugusuzuma neza ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho, gutekereza kubitekerezo, hamwe ninyungu zishobora kugerwaho, amashyirahamwe arashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bitezimbere ishoramari ryikoranabuhanga mu kunoza ibimenyetso.

VI Inyigo Yubushakashatsi nuburyo bukoreshwa

6.1 Isesengura Ry'ukuri-Isi

Muri iki gice, turacukumbura mubikorwa bifatika byingamba zo kongera ibimenyetso bya terefone igendanwa dusuzuma ishyirwa mubikorwa ryisi mumazu maremare y'ibiro. Imwe mu nyigo yagaragaye ni inyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami mu mujyi wa New York, ahashyizweho uburyo bunoze bwo gukwirakwiza antenne (DAS) kugira ngo ikemure ikibazo cyo kwakira nabi telefoni. DAS igizwe nurusobe rwa antene yashyizwe mubikorwa byose kugirango inyubako zerekana ibimenyetso bihamye murwego rwose. Sisitemu yagabanije neza guhamagarwa yataye kandi itezimbere ubuziranenge bwitumanaho muri serivisi zijwi na data.

Urundi rugero ni ugukoresha selile nto muri Burj Khalifa i Dubai. Utugingo ngengabuzima duto tworoheje dushobora kwinjizamo ubushishozi mu nyubako kugirango dutange ubwishingizi bugenewe ahantu hafite ibimenyetso byinjira. Mugukoresha utugingo ngengabuzima duto twinshi mu nyubako, Burj Khalifa imaze kugera ku iterambere ryinshi mu gukwirakwiza mu ngo, bituma abayirimo bagumana imiyoboro yizewe ndetse no mu igorofa yo hejuru.

6.2 Ingaruka zingamba zo kunoza ibimenyetso

Imikorere yizi ngamba zo kunoza ibimenyetso irashobora gusuzumwa hashingiwe kubintu bitandukanye nkimbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso, guhamagarwa kwizerwa, nigipimo cyo kohereza amakuru. Mu nyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami, nk'urugero, ishyirwaho rya DAS ryatumye hiyongeraho impuzandengo y'imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso bya 20 dBm, bigabanya umubare w’abaterefona bagabanutseho 40% kandi bitezimbere umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru. Ibi byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura umusaruro wubucuruzi buri mu nyubako.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kohereza ingirabuzimafatizo muri Burj Khalifa byatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi mu gukwirakwiza mu ngo, abayikoresha bahura n’ahantu hapfuye ndetse n’igipimo cyihuse cy’amakuru. Byongeye kandi, utugingo ngengabuzima duto twafashije inyubako kugira ngo ihuze ibyifuzo bikenerwa byo gukoresha amakuru menshi bitabangamiye imikorere y'urusobe.

6.3 Amasomo Twigiye Mubyiciro Byinshi-Byakorewe Inyigo

Amasomo menshi arashobora kwigira kubikorwa byogushira mubikorwa ingamba zo kuzamura ibimenyetso bya mobile mu nyubako ndende y'ibiro. Ubwa mbere, gusobanukirwa byimazeyo imbogamizi zidasanzwe ziterwa na buri nyubako yubatswe hamwe nibikoresho bigize ni ngombwa muguhitamo igisubizo gikwiye cyo kongera ibimenyetso. Icya kabiri, ubufatanye hagati yubuyobozi bwinyubako, abatanga itumanaho, nabacuruza ikoranabuhanga nibyingenzi kugirango igisubizo cyatoranijwe cyateguwe neza kandi cyinjizwe mubikorwa remezo bihari.

Byongeye kandi, izi nyigisho zerekana akamaro ko gukomeza kubungabunga no kugenzura sisitemu yo kongera ibimenyetso kugirango habeho imikorere irambye. Kuvugurura bisanzwe no gutunganya neza sisitemu birashobora gusabwa kugendana niterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nimpinduka muburyo bukoreshwa.

Ubwanyuma, biragaragara ko inyungu zubukungu zo gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo kuzamura ibimenyetso ziruta kure ikiguzi cyambere cyo gushora. Ntabwo ibyo bisubizo byongera uburambe bwitumanaho muri rusange kububaka, ahubwo binatezimbere agaciro kinyubako, bigatuma irushaho gukundwa nabashaka gukodesha nubucuruzi.

Mu gusoza, gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zifatika zo kongera ibimenyetso bya terefone igendanwa mu nyubako ndende yo mu biro ikora nk'ubushakashatsi bw'ingirakamaro, butanga ubumenyi ku mikorere y'ibisubizo bitandukanye n'amasomo yavuye mu kohereza. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi birashobora kuyobora imbaraga zizaza mugukemura intege nke za signal zigendanwa ahantu hahanamye cyane, harebwa ko abayirimo bashobora kwishimira itumanaho ryizewe kandi ryizewe.

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